COLOMBIAN EMERALDSSMARAGDEالزمرد祖母绿ÉMERAUDESברקתपन्नेSMERALDIエメラルドSMARAGDENSMARAGDERزمردИЗУМРУДЫมรกตZÜMRÜT CERTIFIED

Stones Mine SitesThe emerald deposits of Colombia are comprised of the emerald exploration zone located in the eastern and western emerald belts of the eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The eastern system was formed during a tectonic phase at the Eocene - Oligocene boundary and the western system at the Cretaceous - Paleogene boundary during an extensional tectonic event.

The eastern belt is made up of the mining district of Muzo comprising the mines of Coscuez, Peñas Blancas, La Palma, Yacopí, La Pita, Quipama and Muzo, which have a very similar mineralogy, paragenesis and geological framework.

Within the Eastern belt the following deposits of emeralds are recognized internationally for their important production and great quality:

Muzo Mines Stones Mine Exploited for many years before the discovery of America by the Muzos Indians, they are located in the western emerald belt in the department of Boyacá between the towns of Quipama and Muzo. The exploitation zones are generally between 800 and 1000 meters above sea level. It is estimated that deposits of the Muzo and Quipama deposits have a formation period of 32 ± 3 million years.

The exploration of emeralds has been carried out for several years in tunnels; from these tunnels located in the Muzo deposit the world's best quality emeralds called "oil drop" have been found, their color is intense green and has a high purity with Presence of some precipitates of calcite that contribute the characteristic aspect of this type of emerald. There are other inclusions that are characteristic and distinctive of Muzo mines, such as parisite crystals that have a dark honey color. The Colombian emeralds of almost any deposit have three-phase toothed inclusions, liquid-gas-solid, the latter being a crystal of sodium chloride very commonly of cubic form.

Mines of CoscuezThey are also part of the western emerald belt and are located a few kilometers north of Muzo, near the towns of Otanche, Santa Barbara and San Pablo de Borbur. They are characterized by a geology of sedimentary black carbonaceous rocks crossed by veins of carbonates where the emeralds are housed. It is estimated that the deposits of the Coscuez deposits have a formation period of 36 ± 3 million years. The color of the emeralds of these deposits is green with a certain tendency to yellowish green, they have good brightness and the majority presents faint inclusions like those of muzo excepting the crystals of parisita.
The eastern belt is made up of the mining district of Chivor. Its deposits have an altitude of 900 to 1200mts above sea level, the most important are Gachalá and Chivor. 

Minas de Gachalá From the mines of Gachalá have been obtained some of the famous emeralds of Colombia, recognized by its great size.Gachalá is located in the department of Cundinamarca to the east of Bogota on the Eastern mountain range and to arrive at it it is necessary to cross 148 km of highway from the capital. Within its most known mines we have La Vega de San Juan, Las Cruces, El Diamante, La Estrella, El Perro, La Mula and El Toro.

Of the mines of Gachalá have been obtained some of the famous emeralds of Colombia, recognized for their great size as the Emilia of 7015 ct, found in the year of 1969; Three years later another wonderful emerald of 8000 ct was called "La Tito" in honor to the miner Tito Daza who found it.Of the mines of Gachalá have been obtained some of the famous emeralds of Colombia, recognized for their great size as the Emilia of 7015 ct, found in the year of 1969; Three years later another wonderful emerald of 8000 ct was called "La Tito" in honor to the miner Tito Daza who found it.

Mines of ChivorThe mines of Chivor are believed to have been discovered in 1537 in one of the explorations sent by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada from what is now Bogota and were abandoned by order of the Spanish crown in the seventeenth century to be rediscovered in 1896. The emerald district of Chivor is located in the department of Boyacá on the eastern mountain range to 35Km to the north-east of Gachalá. Its most recognized mines are those of Gualí, Chivor, Buenavista and Mundo Nuevo. One of the most relevant features of Chivor emeralds is the color trend to bluish tones.

Chivor emerald deposits are associated with three types of rocks: veins of fibrous calcite and veins which are identified by the precipitation of rhombohedral calcite, albite, muscovite, quartz, fluorite, pyrite and emerald. Polygenic hydrothermal tectonic gaps whose size can reach 10 meters and may contain emerald bags are composed of pieces of pyrite-cemented albites, black shale and carbonate fragments. Albi rocks with black shale horizons and epigenetic growth of albite, pyrite, mica, quartz and dolomite.

One of the most relevant features of Chivor emeralds is the tendency of color to bluish tones by the presence of vanadium as chromophore. The density of the emeralds of Chivor is 2.68, its index of refraction is between 1.571 and 1.577 with a birefringence of 0.006. To the binocular magnifying glass we can see the inclusions of the emeralds of Muzo in the emeralds of Chivor, except the inclusions of parisite; The pyrite of iron in dodecahedral form or grain is very typical of the emeralds found in the deposits of Chivor. In addition, mention should be made of the presence of Euclasas, Apatitos Rosa, Albita, Calcita and Andalucitas among other minerals present in the deposits of Chivor that are parallel to the exploitation of emeralds.

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